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All writing ‹ Part 03 of 08 · Designing Agents and Agent Loops: Split FR and NFR First
Engineering · 3 min read

The Harness Is the Agent's Workplace

The model is one layer. The harness around it, from context and tools to runtime and observability, decides what an agent can do and which mistakes it makes.

I once tried to save money with a local model on the same Mac that runs North. The whole computer crashed and restarted, and North stopped with it.

That taught me that an agent is not only a model. The environment around the model decides whether it can do its work.

The five layers of a harness

A harness is the whole working environment around the model. The talk by 「大大帶我飛」 splits it into five layers:

Modelmodel, tool calling, structured output Context/Memoryrules, documents, session, task state Toolsshell, API, DB, search RuntimePlan → Act → Observe → Revise(permission, execution control, retry, error handling) Observabilitytrace, cost, eval, guardrails
The model is only the top layer. The other four decide what it can do.

The same model in a different harness is a different agent. The context layer is in Context: What the Agent Sees This Step, and the tools layer is in Few Tools, Clear Boundaries.

Picking an SDK means picking who builds the harness

packaged runtime, many defaultseasy, but you follow its rules composable toolkitmore freedom, more responsibility
Left, the framework runs more for you. Right, you build more yourself.

Toward the left, the framework handles more for you: the agent loop, tools, sessions, permissions, and traces. Toward the right, you build more of it yourself.

My choice

North runs on a packaged coding agent runtime. I did not write the sessions, the tools, or the permissions myself. I only wrote its system prompt, its scripts, and its schedule.

My advice is to start with a packaged runtime. When you know exactly where it falls short, move toward the composable end. And remember that the machine that runs the agent is part of the harness too.

The model is the brain. The harness is the whole office it works in.


References:

  • A talk by 「大大帶我飛」

Related: see the context layer in Context: What the Agent Sees This Step, the tools layer in Few Tools, Clear Boundaries, or go back to the series overview: Design an Agent.

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